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Name: Gadolinium
Symbol: Gd
Atomic Number: 64
Atomic Mass: 157.25 g
Number of Protons/Electrons: 64
Number of Neutrons: 93
Ionic Radius: Gd3+ / 0.938 Angstrom
Metal
Melting Point: 1312.0 °C
Boiling Point: 3233.0 °C
Density @ 293 K: 7.900 g/cm3
Oxide
Melting Point: 2340.0 °C
Density cubic C: 7.60 g/cm3
Formula: Gd2O3
Molecular weight: 362.50 g
Metal %: 87.75
Toxicity LD 50.PO: (rat) > 1000 mg/kg
Dehydrated Carbonate
Formula *: Gd2(CO3)3
Molecular weight: 494.95 g
Oxide %: 73.3
Anhydrous Chloride
Formula *: GdCl3
Molecular weight: 263.61 g
Oxide %: 68.75
Toxicity LD 50.PO: (mouse) > 2000 mg/kg
Anhydrous Fluoride
Formula *: GdF3
Molecular weight: 214.25 g
Oxide %: 84.6
Hydroxide
Formula *: Gd(OH)3
Molecular weight: 208.27 g
Oxide %: 87.0
Dehydrated Nitrate
Formula *: Gd(NO3)3
Molecular weight: 343.26 g
Oxide %: 52.8
Toxicity LD 50.PO: (rat) 5000 mg/kg
Dehydrated Oxalate
Formula *: Gd2(C2O4)3
Molecular weight: 578.56 g
Oxide %: 62.65
Anhydrous sulfate
Formula *: Gd2(SO4)3
Molecular weight: 602.67 g
Oxide %: 60.15
* theoretic data
| Isotope |
Half Life |
| Gd-148 |
75.0 years |
| Gd-150 |
1800000.0 years |
| Gd-151 |
124.0 days |
| Gd-152 |
1.1E11 years |
| Gd-153 |
241.6 days |
| Gd-154 |
Stable |
| Gd-155 |
Stable |
| Gd-156 |
Stable |
| Gd-157 |
Stable |
| Gd-158 |
Stable |
| Gd-159 |
18.6 hours |
| Gd-160 |
Stable |
| Gd-162 |
8.4 minutes |
Date of discovery: 1880
Discoverer: Jean de Marignac
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Markets and applications
Electronics:
Medical imaging,
Applications for nuclear industry (Neutron absorption),
Optic and magnet records,
Ceramics for electronic
Others:
Glass,
Laser,
Single crystal scintillator.
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